Definition of key terms used in the menstrual cycle

Menstrual Cycle: The recurring monthly series of physiological changes in women and other female primates in which an egg is produced in the process known as ovulation and the uterine lining thickens to allow for implantation if fertilization occurs. If the egg is not fertilized, the lining of the uterus breaks down and is discharged during menstruation.


 Menstruation:  Is a vaginal bleeding that occurs monthly in adolescent girls and premenopausal women. This has many names; period, monthly cycle and Aunt Flo.


 Follicular Phase: The follicular phase begins on Day 1 of your menstrual cycle. Day 1 is by definition the day your period starts. The follicular phase ends when a hormone called luteinizing hormone peaks and ovulation occurs.


Ovulation: The shedding of an ovum when a follicle in the ovary bursts.


Luteal Phase: Begins on Day 14, after ovulation occurs and end on Day 1 of the next period.


Oestrogen: sex hormone secreted by the ovaries and responsible for female sexual characteristics.


Progesterone: sex hormone secreted by the ovaries and responsible for preparing the uterus to receive and sustain fertilized eggs.


Follicle-Stimulating Hormone: helps control the menstrual cycle and the production of eggs by the ovaries.


Luteinizing Hormone: helps regulate the menstrual cycle and egg production.



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